The charcoal supply chain
With current urbanization trends, households are switching from wood fuel to the affordable, convenient and readily accessible charcoal. Wood fuel and charcoal account for up to 90% of the household energy consumption in some countries, in Africa in particular. There exists today a vast illicit, unregulated trade in charcoal, in addition to the legal trade, which provides substantial funds for non-state armed groups.
Year: 2013
From collection: The Environmental Crime Crisis
Cartographer: Riccardo Pravettoni, GRID Arendal